UAS in the Airspace: A Review on Integration, Simulation, Optimization, and Open Challenges

Air transportation is essential for society, and it is increasing gradually due to its importance. To improve the airspace operation, new technologies are under development, such as Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). In fact, in the past few years, there has been a growth in UAS numbers in segregated airspace. However, there is an interest in integrating these aircraft into the National Airspace System (NAS). The UAS is vital to different industries due to its advantages brought to the airspace (e.g., efficiency). Conversely, the relationship between UAS and Air Traffic Control (ATC) needs to be well-defined due to the impacts on ATC capacity these aircraft may present. Throughout the years, this impact may be lower than it is nowadays because the current lack of familiarity in this relationship contributes to higher workload levels. Thereupon, the primary goal of this research is to present a comprehensive review of the advancements in the integration of UAS in the National Airspace System (NAS) from different perspectives. We consider the challenges regarding simulation, final approach, and optimization of problems related to the interoperability of such systems in the airspace. Finally, we identify several open challenges in the field based on the existing state-of-the-art proposals

Cytotoxic prenylated indole alkaloid produced by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus P63

Prenyl indole alkaloids constitute a diverse class of natural products with complex chemical structures and potent biological activities. Investigation of the growth medium EtOAc extract produced by the endophytic fungus Aspergillus terreus P63 collected from roots of the grass Axonopus leptostachyus, yielded the prenylated indole alkaloid, giluterrin, bearing an unprecedented carbon skeleton. The structure of giluterrin was established by analysis of spectroscopic data and HRMS. The absolute configuration of giluterrin was determined by combination of electronic and vibrational circular dichroism analyses. Giluterrin presented antiproliferative profile for prostate (PC-3) and kidney (786-0) cancer cell lines32162167CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informação2013/50228-8; 2014/25222-9National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq)National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq); National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT BioNat), Brazil [465637/2014-0]; National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT Areas Umidas), Brazil [421733/2017-9]; Sao Paulo State Research Foundation (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2013/50228-8, 2014/25222-9]; Centre for Scientific Computing (NCC/GridUNESP) of Sao Paulo State University (UNESP); FAPESPFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications